As you’re applying to jobs, you may be wondering about the best way to submit your references. Should you put them on your initial application materials? And how would you even list references on a resume?
The answer is, you don’t.
Listing your references on a resume that should be one page (two in special circumstances) is a waste of valuable space. A hiring manager or recruiter doesn’t have the ability to contact references for everyone who applies to an open position or even everyone they bring in for an interview. So save that resume room for detailing your skills, achievements, and qualifications.
What about writing, “References available upon request” on your resume?
You should avoid this too.
There’s no need to state anything about references on your resume. It is assumed that you’ll share the info when requested. Don’t waste a resume line to say something that’s taken for granted.
Below, we go over the right way to list your references and share some examples to make your next interaction with a hiring manager, a successful one.
When Do You Need References?
Typically, references are only required when a company is ready to make you an offer. That’s why you don’t need to provide them when you’re first applying for a job. But it’s a good idea to have them ready to go before you even land an interview.
If a company is ready to hire you pending a reference check, the last thing you want is to be held up by asking people to be a reference or collecting their contact information. Instead, you should always have your references ready and keep them updated during your search.
Who Should You Ask to Be a Reference?
Most companies will ask for two or three references from a candidate, so it’s always best to have at least three ready to go. Some prospective employers may request a certain mix of types of references, but generally you want to list former managers (or your current manager if they know about and are supportive of your job search) and former or current colleagues; if you’re earlier in your career and don’t have many former managers, you could list professors you worked closely with. If you’d be leading a team, you may be asked for a reference from a former direct report. For some client-facing roles, like account management, companies might want to hear from a former client or customer, so be sure to read up on the norms for your industry.
The Right Way to Provide Your References to an Employer
Once you know who your references will be, you want to make it easy to submit them to employers when asked. You should compile everything you need into a reference sheet, one quick and well-formatted document that can expedite the hiring process in the final stages. When the time comes, you can attach your reference sheet to an email as a Word document or PDF file, or you can simply copy and paste the information into the body of the email.
What Information to Include on Your Reference Sheet On your reference sheet, you should list each reference with the following information:
Name
Current Job/Position
Company
Phone Number
Email Address
Reference Description: Write one sentence explaining how you know or have worked with this person, where, when, and for how long. (Check out the example below to see what this looks like in action.)
There’s no need to include your reference’s home or work address as almost all companies will not be mailing them anything. And if a reference expresses a strong preference for a certain method of contact, it’s OK to put “(preferred contact)” next to that line on your reference list.
To keep things easy for the hiring manager, it’s also a good idea to include your own name, phone number, and email at the top of the sheet (see the example below).
Reference Sheet Example Here’s one example of what your reference sheet might look like:
References for Connor Daniels (999) 000-1111 connor.daniels@email.com
John Smith Director of Engineering Paradigm Inc. (555) 123-4567 jsmith@email.com John was my direct manager from 2016 to 2018 when I worked as a software developer for Paradigm Inc.
Jane Doe Front-End Software Engineer HiTech Co. (111) 222-3333 JaneDoe@email.com Jane is an engineer I collaborate with daily in my current position at HiTech Co.
Tom Johnson Professor of Computer Science San Diego State University (123) 987-6543 Tjohnson@email.edu Tom was my professor in four different classes and my faculty advisor for my computer science degree.
Keeping references off your resume is not only the standard now, but it’s also more thoughtful toward the people you’ve asked to speak on your behalf. By only submitting their names and contact information when asked directly (usually at the end of the hiring process), you’ll know when a prospective new employer is actually going to contact them—and you can give them a heads up, pass on any important information about the job or company you’re applying for, and thank them for their help.